Nuclear power is the name given to the electricity generated in nuclear power plants through the process of nuclear fission. In these power stations, nuclear material, mainly uranium or plutonium, is used to initiate a controlled chain reaction. When the atomic nuclei split, an enormous amount of energy is released, which is used in the form of heat to heat water into steam. This steam drives turbines that generate electricity.

In many countries, nuclear power is an essential component of the energy supply. Particularly in countries such as France, where nuclear power accounts for a large proportion of electricity generation, nuclear power is seen as a stable and reliable source of energy. The major advantage of nuclear power is that it produces relatively low CO₂ emissions, which makes it an attractive option for reducing dependence on fossil fuels in times of climate change.

Despite these advantages, there are significant concerns about the safety of nuclear power plants. The risks of a nuclear accident, as documented in Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011), cause great concern among the population. The handling of radioactive waste is also an unresolved problem. This waste must be stored safely for thousands of years, which represents a major technical and ethical challenge.

One aspect that characterises the debate on nuclear power is the high investment costs for the construction of new nuclear power plants and the often lengthy approval procedures. However, technological advances, such as the development of smaller and safer reactors (Small Modular Reactors), could open up new perspectives and reposition nuclear power as part of a diversified energy future.

Overall, nuclear power plays a complex role in the global energy mix. While it is seen as a climate-friendly alternative to fossil fuels, the associated risks and challenges cannot be ignored. The future of nuclear power will depend heavily on political decisions, technological progress and social acceptance.