Plutonium is a radioactive element with the chemical symbol Pu and atomic number 94. It is mainly used in nuclear energy and in the arms industry. Plutonium is produced as a by-product in nuclear reactors, especially in reactors that use uranium as fuel. The fission of uranium-235 produces plutonium-239, which can be used as high-quality fuel for nuclear power plants and as material for nuclear weapons.

Plutonium is generally the subject of controversial debate in European energy policy. In many countries, including Austria, there is widespread opposition to the use of nuclear energy. Austria decided in a referendum in 1978 not to use nuclear energy and has since pursued a policy of sustainable energy generation through renewable energies such as wind and solar power.

Plutonium poses considerable risks. It is not only radioactive, but also toxic. The disposal of plutonium and radioactive waste is a complex and unresolved problem. In the EU and in many other countries, intensive research is being carried out into safe disposal methods, but the issue remains controversial. Given the dangers associated with handling plutonium, many countries are seeking to phase out nuclear power and promote alternative energy sources.

However, in the European nuclear industry, plutonium is also used in certain types of reactors, such as fast breeder reactors, which are designed to produce plutonium and burn it at the same time. This technology could potentially enable the sustainable use of nuclear fuel. However, there are also concerns regarding the safety and proliferation of nuclear material.

The use of plutonium in the defense industry is another critical aspect. Plutonium-239 is the main component of nuclear weapons and was produced in large quantities during the Cold War. The global focus on disarmament and preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons has intensified the discussion about plutonium. In Europe, there are strict controls and agreements regulating the trade and use of plutonium and other radioactive materials.

In addition, there are efforts to recover plutonium from spent fuel elements for use as fuel in new reactors. However, this process, known as reprocessing, is expensive and controversial as it also poses safety risks and increases the possibility of nuclear proliferation.

Austria is focusing on promoting renewable energies and improving energy efficiency in order to achieve its climate targets. The discussion about plutonium and nuclear energy is becoming increasingly relevant against the backdrop of this energy transition. The focus is on ensuring a sustainable and secure energy supply without the risks associated with nuclear energy.

In summary, plutonium is a controversial element that plays a central role in both nuclear energy and the arms industry. While some countries continue to rely on the use of plutonium, many European countries, including Austria, have decided to move away from nuclear energy and rely more on renewable energy sources. This is a crucial step towards a more sustainable and secure energy future.