Nuclear power plants are facilities that generate electrical energy through the nuclear fission of uranium or plutonium. This process releases an enormous amount of energy, which is used to generate steam that drives turbines and thus produces electricity. While nuclear power plants play a significant role in energy generation in many countries, the situation in Austria is characterised by a different starting point.

Austria has decided against the use of nuclear power since the 1970s. The last turning point was the referendum in 1978, in which a majority of the population voted against the construction of the Zwentendorf nuclear power plant. This decision meant that the reactor, which had already been built, was never put into operation. Since then, Austria's energy policy has focussed heavily on promoting renewable energies, particularly hydropower, wind and solar energy.

Despite the abandonment of nuclear power plants, the debate about their benefits and risks has not completely died down in Austria. Proponents argue that nuclear power can be a climate-friendly alternative to fossil fuels, especially in light of the challenges of climate change and the need to reduce CO₂ emissions. They also emphasise that modern nuclear power plants are safer than previous generations and that the technology is capable of producing large amounts of energy with comparatively low emissions.

On the other hand, safety concerns and the unresolved problem of disposing of radioactive waste are at the centre of opponents' arguments. The fear of a nuclear accident and the long-term risks associated with the storage of nuclear waste mean that the majority of the Austrian population remains opposed to the use of nuclear power.

The Austrian government has made a clear commitment to an environmentally friendly approach in its energy policy. Nuclear power is not seen as part of the solution in the context of the climate targets, which envisage the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the expansion of renewable energies. Austria has set itself the target of meeting 100% of its energy needs from renewable sources by 2030.

The European perspective on nuclear power, on the other hand, is diverse. While some countries, such as France, rely heavily on nuclear energy to cover their electricity needs, others, particularly in Western Europe, are in favour of a complete phase-out. In this context, Austria remains a pioneer in the field of renewable energies and is focussing on innovative technologies and strategies to further reduce its dependence on nuclear power and fossil fuels.

Overall, the debate about nuclear power plants in Austria is characterised by the conviction that a sustainable and secure energy future is possible without the use of nuclear energy. The focus on renewable energies is seen as the key to achieving climate targets and ensuring a stable and environmentally friendly energy supply.