The nuclear phase-out is a key issue in Austrian energy policy and describes the conscious decision not to use nuclear power to generate energy. Austria decided against the use of nuclear energy back in the 1970s, particularly after the 1978 referendum in which the majority of the population voted against the construction of the Zwentendorf nuclear power plant. This decision meant that the nuclear power plant, which had already been built, was never put into operation.

There are many reasons for the nuclear phase-out. Safety concerns, the fear of a nuclear accident and the unresolved issues surrounding the final disposal of radioactive waste played a major role. These concerns were further fuelled by international incidents such as the Chernobyl reactor disaster in 1986 and the Fukushima accident in 2011. As a result, Austria has taken a clear stance against nuclear power and is committed to promoting renewable energies.

Today, Austria's energy policy is strongly focussed on the development and expansion of renewable energy sources such as hydropower, wind power, solar energy and biomass. The country has set itself the goal of achieving 100% electricity supply from renewable sources by 2030. This strategy should not only secure the energy supply, but also contribute to achieving the climate targets by significantly reducing CO₂ emissions.

The nuclear phase-out is also part of the European debate on the future energy supply. While some EU countries, such as France, continue to rely heavily on nuclear power to meet their energy needs and achieve their climate targets, Austria remains a pioneer in the transition to renewable energy. The Austrian government has repeatedly emphasised that nuclear power is not a solution to the challenges of climate change and that investing in renewable energy is the more sustainable and safer way forward.

Another important aspect of the nuclear phase-out is the role of the population and political decision-makers. In Austria, awareness of environmental and safety issues is high, which is reflected in the political measures and public discourse. The broad support for the energy transition shows that citizens are willing to accept change and play an active role in shaping a sustainable energy future.

To summarise, it can be said that the nuclear phase-out in Austria is not only a political decision, but also a social responsibility. By focussing on renewable energies and creating a sustainable, secure and efficient energy system, Austria is demonstrating that it is possible to guarantee the energy supply without the use of nuclear power. The nuclear phase-out remains a central component of Austria's energy policy and will continue to make a significant contribution to overcoming the challenges of climate change and securing an environmentally friendly energy future.